Properties of Gases - Chem Labpaq Essay - 689 Words

Properties of Gases General Chemistry 1 Lab 5 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to examine the properties of several gasses, which were the products of a reaction, and examine the way the gasses react under certain conditions. These conditions, such as introducing a flame to the gas as well as oxygen and CO2, caused other reactions to occur. Hypothesis: If the gasses are correctly synthesized then there will be a clear reaction with the introduction of the flame, O2, CO2, Air, limewater, and Bromthymol indicator. Procedures: Step 1. I placed a small amount of Mossy Zn in the test tube and then added HCL. I used the rubber stopper and a pipet bulb to collect the Hydrogen gas synthesis. I filled the pipet bulb with†¦show more content†¦(Step 4 cont.) I combined baking soda and vinegar again and attached the stopper with copper and plastic tubing assembly. I added a few ml of limewater to a well of my well plate and ran the CO2 through the tube of the gas assembly through the limewater, which caused it to turn a cloudy color and possibly produce a precipitate. Using the same gas assembly technique, I ran the CO2 through a few ml bromothymol blue in the well plate as well. When the gas contacted the bromothymol, it turned from blue to yellow then to a murky green. Step 5. I added a few pieces of Alka Seltzer to the gas delivery tube and added water to create the gas reaction. Using the gas assembly Camp;P tube, I ran this gas synthesis through the limewater in the well plate, which turned the limewater from hazy to clear. Step 6. I put some of the limewater in the test tube and with the straw, I breathed through the limewater. This had the opposite effect of the Alka seltzer gas as the breath caused the limewater to turn hazy. Analysis: (Results included in my procedures) The hydrogen was proven to be combustable. The oxygen was proven to be flameable. No reaction with the hydrogen and oxygen mixture which may have been an experimental error caused by (unknown). Carbon dioxide extinguished the flame, turned the limewater cloudy, and altered the ph of the bromothymol. Alka Seltzer turned the limewater clear. Breath turned the limewater hazy. Conclusion: Since IShow MoreRelatedChem618 Words   |  3 PagesExperiment 4: properties of gases By swifty217, june 2013 | 2 Pages (480 Words) | 76 Views | 4.5 1 2 3 4 5 (1) | Report | This is a Premium essay for upgraded members Sign Up to access full essay DID YOU LIKE THIS? TELL YOUR FRIENDS... Send Report Submitted: June 21, 2013 Title: Properties of Gases Purpose: To analyze a few physical and chemical properties of gases as well as using those properties to identify the gases. Procedure:

Hong Kong s Air Pollution Problems - 1660 Words

Hong Kong’s Air Pollution problems Hong Kong’s air pollution has reached unprecedented, phenomenal levels, which seems to be growing controllably with each passing day, and creating worse situations. Despite there are desperate and overwhelming measures taken by the Hong Kong Government Authority to address and rectify the situation, the situation of air pollution is turning grimmer by the day. After the Second World War, the major working sector in China began a massive shift from the agrarian to the industrial sector, a process that was accelerated by the War. Today there are eighty-two percent of the citizens in China are living in urban areas as compared to the large numbers of the citizens that were living in the rural areas in†¦show more content†¦Besides, the smog from neighboring China also contributes to high levels of air pollution in this city, and exacerbates already bad conditions in Hong Kong, which has been defying solution for all these years. In the event this uncontrollable situation continues to thrive, most denizens and citizenry of Hong Kong would have to make a mass exodus out of the country, much to the chagrin of the Government and Civic Authorities (EPD, An overview of the air quality and air pollution control in Hong Kong, 2015). According to recent studies conducted by the University of Hong Kong, the current levels of pollution in Hong Kong were at least 3 times that prevailing in New York and twice of that found in London. 20% of the residents of Hong Kong are affected health- wise by the pollution for which there now does not seem to be ready or resolvable answer (Mirandila, 2012). The Hong Kong government looks on as hapless spectators as pollution-related issues continue to grow, unabated, and all their best control stratagems seem to be getting them nowhere. The issue is progressing in recent years, thanks to proliferation of industries, power plants, factories, which spew tons of wastes into the Hong Kong atmosphere every day, besides tonnes of CO2 and other deadly chemicals from the plethora of plying vehicles on Hong Kong streets at any given point of times, adding to the

Significantly Contributed Business Model †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Significantly Contributed Business Model? Answer Introduction The Asian airline industry can be characterised through the immense competition along with the high price pressure which in turn continuously thrust over increasing the efficiency. On the other hand, the industry grows continuously with more passengers who travel more often. Since the emergence of the continuous air traffic the airline industry have demarcated a rigorously high level of growth in comparison with the GNP trend and increase the productivity(Wang, Tsui,, Liang, Fu, 2017). There is gradual liberalisation in the industry which in turn has significantly contributed in its business model. The Asian airlines and their continuously increasing passengers act as the driving force in the global airline's industry. The analysts predict economics Asia Pacific airlines will contribute to the half of the total air traffic increase by the year 2020. Thai Air Asia X is identified as a low cost, long haul airline company which is based at Don Meuang International Airport, Bangkok. The company was founded in the year 2014 and since then it is operating quite effectively and efficiently. The airline mainly serves for the scheduled destinations of Thailand, Japan, China and South Korea(Graham, 2013). As a manager of the airlines, a business development plan has been developed. In this report, three key management issues in relation to the airline industry have been discussed and the recommendations for coping up the issues have been provided. It is expected that this will help Thai Air Asia X to operate sustainably and successfully. Problems faced by the industry Despite the extensive growth, the airline industry faces a number of challenges. These challenges affect the business adversely which in turn reduces the revenue and profit levels of the organisations. Here in this report, three key issues will be discussed which is the competitiveness, fuel price volatility and the environmental and financial sustainability of the business. Competitiveness In the era of globalization and continuous economic development, the airline's industry is facing excessive competition from almost every aspect of the business. Thai Air Asia X is not an exception it is also facing tremendous competition specifically in the context of pricing. Moreover, the strategic frameworks or expansion of the competitive airlines also imposes significant threat before the organization as well. Due to this competitive nature, the airline companies are required to focus more on their pricing mechanism, service quality and consumer's satisfaction(Solnet, Baum, Kralj, Robinson, Ritchie, Olsen, 2014). The Asian airline industry is distinguished by the feature of being extremely competitive and highly capital intensive. This capital intensive nature of the industry is the key underlying reason for the higher fixed costs and high barriers to exit. The level of competition in the airline industry is very intense as there are no such barriers to entry(Yee Liau Pei Tan, 2014). The liberalization of market access due to globalization can be held responsible for this lower level of barriers to entry. As per the data provided by the IATA (International Air Transport Association) during the last 40 years nearly 1300 new airlines have been established. The nature of the competitiveness in airlines industry can be summarized as follows, The level of competition rises when a new airline with a new set of strategies enters into the market or the existing airlines try to expand their area of operation by introducing new service range. However, the strategy of expansion of the existing airlines seems to be beneficial for them as they can enjoy the benefits of economies of scale and rights over the airport slots. Therefore it can be stated that the expansion into the new market possesses low barriers to entry for the existing airlines compared to the newly entered airline(Robinson, Ritchie, Kralj, Solnet, Baum, Ford, 2014). In order to acquire a new aircraft ample accounting of capital is required which may sometimes discourage the new airlines from entering the market(Tretheway Markhvida, 2014). However, as presently there is an ease of leasing option and external finance scheme both of these taken together have me it easier for the new airlines to enter the market. Moreover, as the switching cost on the part of the consumers is very low, it also imposes a significant competitive threat before any airline(Pratt Harrison, 2015). This sometimes makes it difficult to retain the customers and thereby increasing their loyalty. The Fuel Factor The price of fuel is considered to be among the most important issues faced by the airline industry. As the airlines start incurring higher costs they tend to impose the fuel surcharges on the customers. Specialists in the industry stated that the constantly increasing price of fuels will impact the bottom line of any airline(Hapsari, Clemes, Dean, 2016). The situation worsens when the economies suffer from a recession. Data projects the fact that the airline industry had suffered all time low during the recession of 2010. It is a matter of fact that the government owned airlines do not face the challenges which are faced by the privately owned airlines, although they also find it difficult to manage the fuel price(Suki, 2014). The volatility in the price of crude oil affects the airline industry in several ways. Primarily the price of crude oil largely affects the cost incurred by the airline and hence it affects the price of the air tickets as well. Recently the significant downfa ll in the fuel prices has affected the profitability of the airline industry. As pointed out by the U.S Energy Information Administration, during the year 2015 the price of per gallon of jet fuel was $1.45less than half of what it was in the year 2012. As per another report of PwC, the airlines globally were projected to spend $70 billion over fuel prices in 2015 compared to that of in 2014. It is a matter of fact the total impact of the reduction or fluctuation in the prices will be unknown until and unless the hedging contracts held by the airline companies are not finished(Heracleous Wirtz, 2014). In the short run, the fuel price volatility may have allowed the airlines to rebuild their balance sheet and again reinvest after various financial losses. That is more specifically investing on modernising the aircraft or implementing improvements in the aircraft. However, in the long term, this price volatility has induced the airlines to redesign their strategies so as to successfully accrue revenue and increase profits. The strategic reform will also include the strategies of fuel purchasing and hedging. Sustainability The future of the airline industry cannot be guaranteed until and unless it can establish sustainability. Sustainability is an important issue before Thai Air Asia X because, the modern day consumers are quite aware of the impact of the business on the environment(Homsombat, Lei, Fu, 2014). If they find that other airlines are conducting flight service which causes low pollution, for the sake of environmental sustainability they may switch to that airline. in this context, it is also necessary to mention that the switching cost is also very low in the airline industry. The sustainability in this context may arise from two perspectives which are namely environmental sustainability and financial sustainability. Environmental Sustainability In the modern day environment, each and every industry is required to be sustainable. However, it is quite difficult for the airline industry because it makes use of the fuel to keep its aircraft flying(Lin Yeoh, 2016). Presently, not only the airline industry but also the value chain has set some ambitious goals. These are from the year 2020, airlines will cap their emissions and growth of the industry will be carbon neutral. Afterwards, by the year 2050, they are planning to cut their emission level to half of what they have emitted during 2005. Financial Sustainability Another important pillar of the sustainability is the financial profitability. During the past few years, the industry has remained at a break-even point. Irrespective of the values the industry has brought forward in the world, in turn, it has also destroyed a huge amount of capital(Belobaba, Odoni, Barnhart, 2015). The airline industry is volatile in nature, for instance when there was outburst of Ebola people were rushing from one place to the other. At that point of time, the price of the air tickets increased considerably. Recommendations Recommendation 1: In order to cope with the extremely competitive environment of the airline industry horizontal agreements can be made. Horizontal agreements or alliances are the cooperation agreements carried out horizontally not much like mergers and it poses increased scope and strengths. Due to the increased level of competition in the airline industry alliances have emerged as a key trend. These range from light alliances that incorporate basic interlining and code sharing to the high-level alliance and agreements of integration that incorporates coordination over the parameters of competition like prices and capacity, sharing of profits and costs and thereby acquiring an interest of minority in the allied airlines. Moreover, it can also be stated that the benefits of economies of scale and the globalized economies are far behind the strategies of an alliance. The airline that possesses a vast network and a presence worldwide always enjoys a competitive and comparative advantage over those airlines which do not have these. However, it can be stated that for one airline possessing these advantages is unsustainable and alliance allows the airlines to widen and deepen their network and thereby sustain in the competitive market. Integration also increases the barriers t o entry and thereby harms the level of competition by increasing the price level(Delbari, Ng, Aziz, Ho, 2016). This integration strategy may benefit Thai Air Asia X. Recommendation 2: Regarding the volatility in the fuel price it can be recommended that beyond hedging the airlines may also try to increase their fuel efficiency which will, in turn, become an efficient method of saving in the long run. As the fuel price is increasing during the past few years airlines have started putting thrust in this area to cope with the problem. The emergence of the fuel efficient aircraft has given rise to the introduction of Airbus's A320 Neo and A330 neo and Boeing 737 Max. Extensions in the wing tip or the introduction of winglets along with the unusual "split scimitar" version which was adopted by the United in 2014 had helped to save billions of dollars during the year 2014. With an expense of $1 million for one installation, the devices reduced the aircraft drag and enhanced wing lift. Winglets are efficient enough to help the airlines to save fuel up to 6 percent per year depending on the model(15. Arjomandi Seufert, 2014). On the manufacturing side, it is also necessary for Boeing, Airbus and other key players to conduct rigorous research on how the new technologies can be used to develop a more fuel efficient aircraft, which will help the airlines to reduce their cost of flying an aircraft. The airlines may also look after for reducing the operating cost by implementing new routes or expanding the capacity of the aircraft(Graham, 2013). Through this as the fuel prices dropped it has benefitted those carriers with the low cost of operation, as the non-fuel cost of those aircraft increased. This may enable the efficient operators to accrue higher revenue by maintaining the marginal routes, the introduction of new routes and increasing the capacity of the existing routes. Recommendation 3: Introducing modern aircraft are more fuel efficient and they are committed to reducing the level of emission by 20% to 30% compared to their predecessors. More precisely the introduction of technology and incorporating the technological aspects in the airline industry will also help the airline to establish sustainability. That is the use of biofuels will ensure sustainable operations(Homsombat, Lei, Fu, 2014). However, the problem with biofuels is that they are very short in supply as well as expensive. Secondly, it has been observed that almost all the aircraft have to circle before the air corridor is clear for landing. If the air traffic control system can be improved it could lead to a reduction in the fuel consumption as well as emission. Conclusion Throughout the report, it has been observed that airline industry is facing different issues and the most important among them are the competitiveness, fuel price and environmental sustainability. Therefore, in order to run the airline profitably, it is necessary for Thai Air Asia X to cope up with these issues. The issue of competitiveness can be mitigated through horizontal integration or associations which will in turn help to the company enhance the service quality. On the other hand, the issue regarding fuel price can be eliminated if more fuel efficient aircraft are used. Finally, in the context of environmental sustainability infrastructural development is required which will enable the Thai Air Asia X to satisfy the environmentally conscious customers in a way that their business is environmentally sustainable. References Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., Barnhart, C. (2015). The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Delbari, S. A., Ng, S. I., Aziz, Y. A., Ho, J. A. (2016). An investigation of key competitiveness indicators and drivers of full-service airlines using Delphi and AHP techniques. Journal of Air Transport Management, 52(1), 23-34. Graham, A. (2013). Understanding the low cost carrier and airport relationship: A critical analysis of the salient issues. Tourism Management, 36(1), 66-76. Hapsari, R., Clemes, M., Dean, D. (2016). The mediating role of perceived value on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction: Evidence from Indonesian airline passengers. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35(1), 388-395. Heracleous, L., Wirtz, J. (2014). Singapore Airlines: Achieving sustainable advantage through mastering paradox. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 50(2), 150-170. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z., Fu, X. (2014). Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 63(1), 1-16. Lin, W., Yeoh, B. S. (2016). Moving in relations to Asia: The politics and practices of mobility. Environment and Planning A, 48(6), 1004-1011. Pratt, S., Harrison, D. (2015). Tourism in Pacific Islands: Current Issues and Future Challenges. London: Routledge. Robinson, R. N., Ritchie, B. W., Kralj, A., Solnet, D. J., Baum, T., Ford, R. C. (2014). An Asia-Pacific coreperiphery futures paradox: Divergent worker and tourist mobilities. Journal of Travel Research, 53(6), 805-818. Solnet, D. J., Baum, T., Kralj, A., Robinson, R. N., Ritchie, B. W., Olsen, M. (2014). The Asia-Pacific tourism workforce of the future: Using Delphi techniques to identify possible scenarios. Journal of Travel Research, 53(6), 693-704. Suki, N. M. (2014). Passenger satisfaction with airline service quality in Malaysia: A structural equation modeling approach. Research in transportation business management, 10(1), 26-32. Tretheway, M. W., Markhvida, K. (2014). The aviation value chain: Economic returns and policy issues. Journal of Air Transport Management, 41(1), 3-16. Wang, K., T. K., Liang, L., Fu, X. (2017). Entry patterns of low-cost carriers in Hong Kong and implications to the regional market. Journal of Air Transport Management, 64(1), 101-112. Yee Liau, B., Pei Tan, P. (2014). Gaining customer knowledge in low cost airlines through text mining. Industrial Management Data Systems, 114(9), 1344-1359.

Informative Research Regarding Anti-Hazing Through Campaigns free essay sample

The controversy, however, has given a sparse attention to what it would mean to society and to groups/ unions/ associations and the like to establish such an anti-hazing campaign. This paper is an Informative Research Regarding Anti-Hazing through Campaigns. Each association has a contract with the administration that bounds their activities. An interview was the main research instrument used in this study. Interview with the president of the student council is conducted to consider their views regarding this study. Journal entries were also used as a basis and sources of data for this study. This campaign does not contradict the Article III, Section 8 of the 1987 constitution of the Philippines; rather it connotes the right to life of a person without abolishing its main essence. This article addresses these issues by exploring the external and internal incentives suggesting that this thesis could prevent hazing in colleges/schools. Finally, this research paper would prevent students to experience threats, intimidation, and unlawful acts which violate the right to life of an individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Research Regarding Anti-Hazing Through Campaigns or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Informative Research Regarding Anti-Hazing through Campaigns This is a generation wherein teenagers are afraid of being unaccompanied and unaided. Their desire to be accepted in the society pushes them to look for acceptance in some groups despite of its consequences. These past few months, there have been incidents of death due to merciless initiations out of schools and universities. Recently, there have been two law students who lost their lives because of this inhumane and cruel act of initiations that certain fraternities implement. This alarming news has pushed the schools to their own movement in precluding physical and psychological abuse to enter organizations. Fraternity is a group of people associated or formally organized for a common purpose, interest, or pleasure: as a fraternal order, guild, or a men’s student organization formed chiefly for social purposes having secret rites and a name in Greek letters. Also, it is the quality or state of being brothers. According to Bridget Wright, many young people attending college gain experiences and enjoy the benefits of joining a sorority or fraternity. They learn very early in their adult lives that there are many advantages to being a part of a tightly-knit social circle. Being a part of a fraternity can be very rewarding and beneficial to careers and professional lives. Fraternity membership often also means lifelong social connections. While being a member of a fraternity during college is fun, the  benefit of joining a sorority or fraternity  increases significantly beyond the college days. Some of the major benefits of joining a sorority or fraternity include: Social for a social network is a large Informative Research Regarding Anti-Hazing through Campaigns part of the college scene. Social activities play an important role in sorority and fraternity life. Sororities and fraternities often sponsor  mixers, formal dances, receptions and luncheons giving honor or recognizing some facet of the organization. Teamwork because working together as a team is a large part of the college social structure. The cohesiveness of pledging units provide just that foundation. Learning to work together as a team is vital to success in college and in business. Career is another benefit of having a fraternity because being a part of a fraternity  is an impressive notation on any resume. Positivity, because being a member of a pledge group instils a sense of self-confidence and self-esteem. The individual feels that they belong and that they have a place. They take their place in the organization very seriously, but still know how to enjoy themselves. This bonding creates an ever-lasting effect for each individual. Responsibility and leadership are also large benefits of pledging. College students in sororities and fraternities are given many opportunities to exercise their leadership skills. They can learn the importance of responsibility in various situations. They have the protection and mentoring of the senior members of their house, as well as their peer group, to nurture them. Even though fraternities have its advantages, there are some disadvantages that students ought to consider realistically. Some of these are time commitment because  rushing and pledging are time consuming. Once you’re a member, you’ll be expected to participate in social events, philanthropic activities, meetings, and other time consuming commitments. Another is that joining fraternities has initiation fees, dues, and the like because there can be an awful lot of incidental expenses for things like social events, formal attire and the like. Expenses do vary quite a bit at different schools and in different chapters. Unfortunately, negative stereotypes about Greek life are abundant, and you’re likely to come across fellow students who judge you harshly because of your Greek affiliation. Greek organizations are a great place to make friends, but sometimes these friendship groups become isolated from the rest of campus life and also fraternities has bed effects regarding academic concerns. Hazing is any action or situation, with or without the consent of the participants, which recklessly, intentionally, or unintentionally endangers the mental, physical, or academic health or safety of a student. It includes physical injury, assault or battery, kidnapping or imprisonment, intentionally placing at risk of mental or emotional harm (putting â€Å"over the edge†), degradation, humiliation, the compromising of moral or religious values, forced consumption of any liquid or solid, placing an individual in physical danger (at risk) which includes abandonment, and impairment of physical liberties which include curfews or other interference with academic endeavours. Despite of the heartless or tough initiations to enter fraternities or sororities, we cannot fully abolish these groups because it would be against the Bill of Rights. These organizations are protected by the Philippine Constitution Article III, Section 8 which states that the right of the people, including those employed in the public and privates sectors, to form unions, association, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Because of this right, these groups are able to perform any activities that would endanger a persons right to life. It is a universal and inherent law that a person must ensure its safety. Under RA 8049, in order for hazing to be valid, the following conditions must be complied with: 1. Prior written notice to the school authorities or head of organization seven (7) days before the conduct of such initiation 2. The written notice shall indicate the period of the initiation activities which shall not exceed three (3) days, shall include the names of those to be subjected to such activities. 3. The written notice shall contain an undertaking that no physical violence be employed by anybody during such initiation rites. . At least two (2) representatives of the school or organization should be present during the initiation. It is the duty of such representative to see to it that no physical harm of any kind shall be inflicted upon a recruit, neophyte or applicant. Before the enactment of RA 8049, there was no law punishing the act of hazing. Hence, the courts had to look at the Revised Penal Code for the criminal liability of the accused. As such, in the Lenny Villa Case, the accused were held liable for reckless imprudence resulting into homicide. We have conducted an interview with the Mapua Institute of Technology student council president of 2012-2013. The questions asked were: Has there been any instance of fraternities in Mapua? Why do you think students join fraternities? What is your opinion about fraternities? What are the things that the student council organization did to apprehend the groups? What is the school doing to avoid hazing on fraternities? Any organization is legal or credited by the schools except for those who practice physical abuse. A certain group or association could be recognized if it has a minimum of 30 members and if it qualifies the requirements of the administration of the school. Most of the schools are against hazing but hazing is legal if and only if it has complied under the Republic Act No. 8049. As a result, schools promote campaigns which are anti-hazing. According to the Official Student Publication of Mapua Institute of Technology which is the New Builder Vol. XLVI No. 3 published on September 2012, â€Å"Fortunately, there’s a specific part of RA. 8049 that deals with this situation. Anti- hazing law provides protection and authorizes the concern to administer the proper penalties when a subject under hazing is† prevented from reporting the unlawful act to his parents or guardians, to the proper school authorities, or to the police authorities, through force, violence, threat or intimidation. † This section would be a leeway and at the same time the instrument as a provision for those crusades who oppose hazing on fraternities. This term paper will be stimuli for the school administration to reevaluate rules and regulations about policies regarding. This study was done for the purpose of showing the importance of human life and in ensuring the security of the students. Thus, to avoid hazing without taking the right of a person to associate. The researchers recommend that similar studies related to this should be conducted. Having other studies regarding this subject may strengthen the main topic and to be able to find a possible solution in proposing a contract between the said group and the administration and also in preventing cruel initiations Informative Research Regarding Anti-Hazing through Campaigns References Ed Amoroso. (Aug. 04, 2012). Police secure 2 hazing victims. In Philippine Star. Retrieved Sept. 17, 2012, from http://www. philstar. com/Article. aspx? articleId=834457publicationSubCategoryId=63. Christina Mendez. (Aug. 02, 2012). Senate to probe latest hazing death. In Philippine Star. Retrieved Sept. 17, 2012, from http://www. philstar. com/nation/article. aspx? publicationsubcategoryid=200articleid=833946. Jeannette Andrade. (Sept. 09,2010). Fraternity war behind bar exams blast police. In Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved Aug. 25, 2012, from http://newsinfo. inquirer. et/breakingnews/metro/view/20100927-294632/Fraternity-war-behind-bar-exams-blast-police. Maricar Cinco. (April 04, 2010). Mapua student allegedly dies in hazing; 6 suspects nabbed. In Pinoy Exchange. Retrieved Sept. 25, 2012, from http://www. pinoyexchange. com/forums/showthread. php? t=439699 Jasmine Pinugu. ( September 2012). Two Faced Orgs. The New Builder. Volume46(3), 12-13 http://www. merriam-webster. co m/dictionary/fraternity http://www. catalogs. com/info/people/benefits-of-joining-a-sorority-or-fraternity. html http://suite101. com/article/greek-lifedisadvantages-a7899 http://www. umich. edu/~nohazing/whatis. html

Contemporary design essays

Contemporary design essays Contemporary design is usually client based. The designer usually focuses on the presentation of ideas and statements through the collection rather than designing for any specific occasion. Contemporary design is more conceptual, because of this I am going to concentrate on the concepts and imagery associated with the idea of modern, futuristic clothing. As I begin to think about this I will have to consider the client. Designers these days rely on celebrities, socialites and fashion icons to publicise their clothing. For example, a lesser known designer could shoot to fame should an A-list celebrity wear one of their creations to a party or premier. Recently, fashion has seen many designers using recognised celebrities as models in their catwalk shows, favouring them over professionals, these celebrities possess the high public profile needed to gain much needed publicity. Some well known designers (such as Alexander McQueen) sight celebrities as their muse behind their work. This is no new idea, glamorous women have always been desirable in the world of fashion, almost as if their beauty is an accessory in itself. In recent years fashion has seen a change in the attitudes towards beauty and convention. Models have become less and less like the glamorous Hollywood film stars and all things quirky have become desirable. It seems that personal imperfections are the only real individuality we have in the age where fashion has become accessible to everyone. Designers are less concerned with the enhancement of beauty and seem to aim to shock audiences with avant garde creations as catwalk shows become less a collection of clothes and more a piece of theatre. Favoured by McQueen ,Westwood and Hussein Chalayan these designers realise the importance of a catwalk show as often their own label creations are so extreme and conceptual that this is the only way they will become recognised. ...

Free Essays on Hazing

Hazing In today’s world if a person would want to get on a certain team or join a frat or sorority, that person would have to put up with one big thing, initiation. Or as most call it hazing. There not the only people that put up with hazing though. Hazing is becoming big in high schools, church events, and even professional sports. Since so many people have to put up with the issue of hazing, it has become a very big issue in today’s world. Whether it involves binge drinking, kidnapping, or some type of physical abuse, hazing is becoming an issue that is too common. Since it is becoming so common most people feel that someone needs to step in and stop hazing in all events no matter what it is. Hazing can be defined in many different ways depending on whom you’re talking to. But the actual definition is that it is any activity or situation that has been formed with the intention of causing another person mental or physical pain, embarrassment, or ridicule. Hazing can range from making a person eat ridiculous things, to even have a person take a beating from others. Hazing happens mostly in colleges, but is becoming more common with high schools and other organizations as well. People that want to join a frat or sorority have to deal with this issue on a daily basis, as well as athletes. The idea of hazing is to show how much a certain individual wants to be in a certain club. So since the people at the head of the club can pretty much do what ever they want to a certain individual, they do. They do that because it deals with the universal saying, only the strong survive. Which means the only people that will make it into the club are the ones that do whatever they say. So the heads of the clubs have each person wanting to join do outrageous things because they want to show there power as well as make the person look stupid. But that’s why the heads of these clubs make the statement that it is supposed to g... Free Essays on Hazing Free Essays on Hazing When one hears the word â€Å"hazing,† the typically first impression is that of a fraternity member with a paddle in one hand, beer in another and a young â€Å"pledge† bent over being struck by the wooden paddle. This is defiantly a case of classic hazing, however many other forms have been created and made public in the recent past. Other fields such as military, sorority, high school and athletic teams have begun to come under the same scrutiny fraternities have been for years. For someone who has never been â€Å"hazed† the issue can be quite complicated and some ignorant conclusions may be made. Hazing has different, but yet very similar definitions from various institutions. The first thing I noticed here was that fraternities were the only institution that the American College Dictionary directly addresses. Obviously the FIPG listed above goes into more detail regarding fraternity actions and focus on those activities Hazing is defined by the FIPG (Fraternity Insurance Purchasing Group) as: "Any action taken or situation created, intentionally, whether on or off fraternity premises, to produce mental or physical discomfort, embarrassment, harassment, or ridicule. Such activities may include but are not limited to the following: use of alcohol; paddling in any form; creation of excessive fatigue; physical and psychological shocks; quests, treasure hunts, scavenger hunts, road trips or any other such activities carried on outside or inside of the confines of the chapter house; wearing of public apparel which is conspicuous and not normally in good taste; engaging in public stunts and buffoonery; morally degrading or humiliating games and activities; and any other activities which are not consistent with fraternal law, ritual or policy or the regulations and policies of the educational institution." The American College Dictionary goes on to define the action of â€Å"haze† as: â€Å"1. To persecute or harass with meaningless... Free Essays on Hazing Is It Innocent Team Bonding Or The Abuse and Endangerment of An Athlete’s Rights? Current issues have forced NCAA athletics to deal and confront the dangerous acts of team hazing. On January 14th, the University of Vermont men’s hockey season was forced to a sudden halt. With thirteen games left, the team’s 23 remaining players were read a litany of their sins by the state’s attorney general, William Sorrell. He stated the schools handling of the hazing incident(s) was â€Å"conducted loosely while specific evidence was withheld that lead to a slow indecisive investigation,† which resulted in his intervention (Hoover). Hazing is a long practiced and in many cases long accepted rite of initiation in such cliques as military and college fraternities and athletics. It is a relatively new current issue and needs to be seriously addressed. Last August Alfred (NY) University released a study that included two hundred and twenty four participating institutions that submitted names and addresses of 61,258 student athletes. From the responses, they found that 80% of responding college athletes were subjected to alcohol-related hazing and more than 20% to such other activities. Of the participating institutions, the UVM was not one of them (Hoover). Clearly, UVM and other organizations must be more vigilant. Greater and more effective efforts must be made to know what students are doing, and perhaps more importantly, what and how they are thinking. Team or group bonding experiences that attain the desired results without harassing humiliations and dangers must be developed and promoted. Across societies and time, people have initiated new members into groups through ceremonies and rituals designed to foster a feeling of belonging. Yet, sometimes those activities cross the line into hazing. Hazing, defined by Alfred University, is â€Å"any activity expected of someone joining a group that humiliates, degrades, abuses or en... Free Essays on Hazing Hazing In today’s world if a person would want to get on a certain team or join a frat or sorority, that person would have to put up with one big thing, initiation. Or as most call it hazing. There not the only people that put up with hazing though. Hazing is becoming big in high schools, church events, and even professional sports. Since so many people have to put up with the issue of hazing, it has become a very big issue in today’s world. Whether it involves binge drinking, kidnapping, or some type of physical abuse, hazing is becoming an issue that is too common. Since it is becoming so common most people feel that someone needs to step in and stop hazing in all events no matter what it is. Hazing can be defined in many different ways depending on whom you’re talking to. But the actual definition is that it is any activity or situation that has been formed with the intention of causing another person mental or physical pain, embarrassment, or ridicule. Hazing can range from making a person eat ridiculous things, to even have a person take a beating from others. Hazing happens mostly in colleges, but is becoming more common with high schools and other organizations as well. People that want to join a frat or sorority have to deal with this issue on a daily basis, as well as athletes. The idea of hazing is to show how much a certain individual wants to be in a certain club. So since the people at the head of the club can pretty much do what ever they want to a certain individual, they do. They do that because it deals with the universal saying, only the strong survive. Which means the only people that will make it into the club are the ones that do whatever they say. So the heads of the clubs have each person wanting to join do outrageous things because they want to show there power as well as make the person look stupid. But that’s why the heads of these clubs make the statement that it is supposed to g...

Nuclear Medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Nuclear Medicine - Research Paper Example r radionuclide, which is in a bond with a supplementary molecules (such as, peptide, protein, or drug) or particles, that cumulates in the required tissue or organ after introducing it in the patient’s body through inhalation, swallowing, or injection (National Research Council, 2007). Depending on the characteristics, different radiopharmaceuticals are used for different diagnosis and treatment processes. Radiopharmaceuticals generally discharge beta or alpha radiation. As beta and alpha radiations are more effective than the gamma radiation that is used in diagnosis process, they are widely exploited in the most nuclear medicine procedures (National Research Council, 2007). The preparation of patients for nuclear medicine processes varies according to the type of examination or test. However, there are certain standard guidelines which are required to follow while preparing the patient to ensure the accuracy of tests. There is no need of special preparations for the scans associated with the inflammatory, bones, pulmonary, brain, lymphatic and renal systems (Patient Care, 2014). However, specific drug allergies are required to be noted by means of Diamox for brain scanning. For the scans associated with the gastrointestinal system, patients are required to fast for at least 4-5 hours (Patient Care, 2014). Some such scanning tests need pre-medicating as a part of a preparation. Further, cardiac tests consist of fasting of at least 4-5 hours prior to the test and persantine stress test need no consumption of caffeine for at least 24-30 hours before the test (Patient Care, 2014). Thyroid scanning needs pause on the consumption of specific medications befo re the scanning. Also, patients are required to inform their physician about the own medical history and present medications before going through the nuclear medicine procedures (Patient Care, 2014). Nuclear medicine is a painless, affordable, and safe mode of collecting medical data that would be otherwise

Johnson & Johnson as a Model for Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper

Johnson & Johnson as a Model for Corporate Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example Three responsibility-related dimensions are taken into account to calculate the combined effect on reputation of social programs, management practices, and employee relations. These include corporate citizenship, governance and workplace practices. An organization’s reputation is closely linked to the public perception of its Corporate Responsibility. Public perception includes dimensions such as trust, admiration and esteem. J&J makes certain claims in its annual reports and other official publications. However, an examination of their activities disproves the hypothesis that Johnson & Johnson is a model for Corporate Social Responsibility. 2. Company’s CREDO The company – J&J follows a definite CSR strategy outlined in OUR CREDO which was initiated 60 years ago by the founder. The Credo describes of the organization’s responsibility towards its customers, employers, communities and shareholders (Fact Book, 2007). Their first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses and patients, and all others who use their products and services. This includes product quality, product prices, prompt service, and a fair opportunity to the suppliers and distributors to make profits. Toward the employees their responsibility lies in providing job security, respecting individual dignity, and also helping employees fulfill their responsibilities towards their families (CSR Globe, n.d.). ... Their first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses and patients, and all others who use their products and services. This includes product quality, product prices, prompt service, and a fair opportunity to the suppliers and distributors to make profits. Toward the employees their responsibility lies in providing job security, respecting individual dignity, and also helping employees fulfill their responsibilities towards their families (CSR Globe, n.d.). They claim to be equal opportunity employers and hence provide development and advancement for all those qualified. Towards the communities they feel responsible in supporting charities and encouraging civic improvements including better health and education. Protection of environment and natural resources is a part of their responsibility towards the society and communities. They have a worldwide Tobacco-Free Work Place policy which has helped improve the health and work environment for the employees. For the employees they have o ther programs such as the Employee Assistance program and the Occupational Health Program which influences the employees’ ability to work safely and effectively keeping in mind the laws and regulations. The company asserts that if it has taken care of the first three - customers, employers, communities - the responsibility to the stakeholders is automatically assured. The Credo is the central document that ties many operating companies together. The positive effect of all its CSR strategy is that the company practices decentralization across J&J group of companies. Their focus areas are health, education, environment, art & culture, and disaster relief. They align their corporate

The Era of Good Feelings Essay Example for Free

The Era of Good Feelings Essay Was The Era of Good Feelings an accurate name for the period between the War of 1812 and the rise of Andrew Jackson? Why or why not? The term  ¡Ã‚ §the Era of Good Feeling ¡Ã‚ ¨ was first posted in a Boston newspaper, which impressed, James Monroe, the new American Presidents warm reception in Boston. The entire society was very anxious to turn back into a normal life when the War of 1812 ended; as a result, the term implied Presidents good-will tour through the North. Actually, the term the Era of Good Feeling ¡Ã‚ ¨ described the atmosphere of the United States from 1815 to 1825. After the War of 1812, the period was named as a lower level of concern over potential foreign intervention on America. Moreover in 1816, the Federalists not only lost many seats in the Congress the Party also became disorganized and messy. The Federalists did not even nominate a candidate to fight against the Democratic lead by Republican President James Monroe in 1820. During President Monroe ¡Ã‚ ¦s years of presidency, the country become more and more unites since there were fewer political arguments. Even the economy developed rapidly after the war under President Monroes rule. As a result, the Americans started to feel more confident about their government. Until 1823 the period comes to the peak when President Monroe gave his annual message to the Congress, which is a statement on foreign policy. This statement warned the European politicians not to re-construct their control over previous colonies that had gained their independence already. The aim of this policy was to rest rict the expansion of European countries into the Western Hemisphere so that the new American can be more independent. The terms of the Missouri Compromise comforted the sectional crisis, which was brewing over Missouri in 1819 during that period. Regardless of slave or free, the admission of Missouri would frustrate the balance of power that existed between these rival parties in the Council. Both side were temporary calm down according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise. Afterwards, Missouri was admitted to access without constraints on slavery. On 3rd March 1820, Henry Clay finally reached a negotiation. Both states were admitted and the balance of authority in Congress was remained. A myriad financial setback was the result of the Panic in 1819 and the result has led to a  collapse of the cotton industry. The price of cotton has dropped dramatically. At the meantime, there was a reduction by the controversial Bank of the United States. In addition, there was also a huge unemployment and homeless people in the country. Before the panic started, farmers bought land on credit due to the fluctuating prices for corn and wheat because they thought that the land could make a higher turnover in order to pay off their debts. After the War in 1812, the economy had grown rapidly. Americans rushed to explore new western farmland in the suburb. Due to low cotton market price, not only the farmers had huge difficulties to pay loans on the original high price of their lands but also the people started to lose their faith in democratic institution. ***So how does this play into the question of whether or not the era was one of good feelings?*** On the contrary, political arguments became more and more severe over the federal government ¡Ã‚ ¦s economic policies. The Era come to an end because the presidential ambitions of John Calhoun who is the secretary of war, William H. Crawford who is the secretary of the treasury and John Quincy Adams who is the secretary of state that are members of the Presidents Cabinet. Moreover, a new two-party political system which is originally controlled by strong political had developed as sectional tensions. At last, it made a significant contribution to the split in the Democratic-Republican Party. ***You need to begin with a clear thesis; this would give your essay more structure and demonstrate how the unifying and disruptive elements you cite contribute to a larger understanding of the period. And once again, you need to be sure not to follow the organization of course material so closely.

Bears Beware :: essays research papers

In our world today many animals and plants are loosing their fight against human intervention in their once well-balanced ecosystem. We are all aware of the extinction of the dinosaurs and the dodo birds, however most people do not realize that annually thousands of species of our flora and fauna are now becoming extinct. This on going trend is increasingly threatening our bio diversity and global ecology. To give a specific example of animal depletion I will focus on Canadian bears. The following factors are responsible for their decline. Hunting, loss of habitat, and just plain apathy on part of the public to preserve the bio diversity of our land. During 1994/95, a total of 19,430 bear hunting licenses were issued to both residential and non-residential people. There were 3,790 so-called legal bear kills in BC alone. It is estimated that out of every one legally killed bear be it grizzly or black two are killed illegally by poachers primarily just for their paws, head, gall bladder, and reproductive organs. These body parts are considered by Orientals to increase strength and rejuvenate male potency. Given these facts 11,190 bears were killed last year. Biologist estimate that to keep the bear population at a balanced figure only 4% should be allowed to be harvested annually. The current annual harvest rate it is more like 8-12%. In my opinion this is really outrageous. We are watching it in front of our eyes and little is being done to prevent it. We have already witnessed the rhinos, African elephants and the Siberian tiger go through the same process and now they are on the brink of extinction. Legal hunting and poaching are similar in the sense that they both result in the slaughter of animals be it bears or any creature. Having depleted the animals in their own countries, the rich flock here in the hundreds to go on big game hunting expeditions and kill; anywhere from one to who knows how many bears. I really don't understand what is going on with our government to allow this to happen. Soon grizzlies will be deemed endangered and when this happens the price for their head will skyrocket and encourage further poaching. The typical responses heard from hunters are: "We are the top of the food chain"; "That's why they are here, to satisfy man", "it don't hurt their numbers", "Its just a bear". Their ignorant attitude is very short sighted and self-indulgent. In my opinion if we want these magnificent creatures to be here for us, our children and their children we should not allow foreign game hunters to come

Romeo and Juliet Essay

Text Analysis: Complexity of love in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a complex tragedy exploring different dynamics of love and particularly true love. The play confronts the audience with the very old enmity between two families. The focus is primarily around Romeo and Juliet but also infatuation and brotherly love. Several interpretations have being made, although reading scenes from the real play give a direct familiarity with the text. Romeo and Juliet the play is opened with a focus on the Montague’s and Romeos relationship with Rosaline.The first introduction to Romeo is by mention from his mother Lady Montague. She appears worried and asks her husband and Benvolio if they have seen Romeo. The Dialogue indicates that Romeo has being very upset and was seen walking with tears streaming from his eyes he has also being shutting himself in his room†¦ â€Å"So early walking did I see your son†¦ Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears augmenting the fre sh morning dew. † (Act 1 line 120, 129-30).Romeo is presented as being deeply in love with Rosaline. Shakespeare may have added this scene exaggerating Romeos dismay to emphasize how quickly his feelings change when he sees Juliet also to underline how Romeo and Juliet share an undeniable love which he clearly did not have with Rosaline. Romeo’s sudden change of emotion is clear in â€Å"If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin this is: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. (Act 1 Scene 5 line 90) where he first sees Juliet and wants to kiss her hand. Romeo declares that his feelings for Rosaline are completely gone when he sees Friar Lawrence â€Å"†¦ With Rosaline, my ghostly father? No; I have forgot that name and that name’s woe† (Lines 35-45 Act 2 Scene 3) and inquires about taking Juliet’s hand. At first FL believes Romeo is there to speak to him about Ros aline and gives a small speech to Romeo accentuating how Romeo was conveyed to be feeling.These series of events unquestionably prove that Shakespeare used Romeos first relationship (Rosaline and Romeo) to show that they did not share love but rather an infatuation (Superficial love) which is proven when Romeo finds his true love with Juliet giving viewers a more certain opinion that Romeo and Juliet do in fact have true love it was very important Shakespeare utilised this to ensure that the audience did not doubt the abrupt love or mistake it for infatuation as an author Shakespeare also used diverse language techniques nd altered the characters actions (When Rosaline and Romeo broke up, Romeo no more than cried; When Juliet was thought dead Romeo then to killed himself) He manipulated the audience into believing Romeo and Juliet’s love was real. The enmity between two of Verona’s noble families, tore two sides between many of the residences. Bringing the conflict out side of the two family’s immediate family and also involving close friends. This type of dedication and loyalty is very risky as Escalus had become weary of the fights disturbing the rest of the community.Declaring the next person to fight in the risk of being banished from Verona; which resulted in even defending a family that Mercutio was not a part of. This is an example of a deep unconditional love and friendship, or family type bond which Mercutio and Romeo shared. Unlike other relationships the brotherly love showed a different dynamic to Shakespeare’s writing abilities. He illustrated he could use formal language and informal language between different characters to one another. Informal language is commonly used between the characters with brotherly love, as this is in the intimacy of the friendship and not in serious situation.Often spoken by Mercutio, until his last moment alive. Shakespeare upheld his level of wit and humour in a somewhat relaxed manor †Å"†¦ Good King of cats, nothing but one of your nine lives, that I mean to make bold withal; and, as you shall use hereafter, dry-beat the rest of the eight. Will you pluck your sword out of his pilcher by the ears? Make haste, lest mine be about your ears ere it be out†¦ † (Act 3 Scene 1 lines 175-177) Here Shakespeare has used Mercutio’s attitude to belittle Tybalt saying he wishes to attack him, asking him to do as he pleases and quickly (with haste).Because of this it is very hard to precisely generalize Romeo and Juliet as a Drama play or Comedy (this could also broaden Shakespeare’s range of Audience). Romeo shows his heart break and depression over Mercutio’s death killing Tybalt and consequently becoming banished. Tybalt, also Juliet’s cousin causes Romeo and his actions damage his relationship with Juliet making the families anger and hate towards each other increasingly raw also giving Juliet’s parents more reason to despi se Romeo as an individual. Romeo’s actions were an intense show of emotion as he essentially put Mercutio before Juliet.Shakespeare uses the concept Love at first sight as a basis for Romeo and Juliet’s love and then developing it into a physical and endless connection, using the initial family feud as a foundation to create an innovative love story it was an ideal situation to exhibit how they’re immediate love was stronger than there love for their family as both Romeo and Juliet question their own names and decide the enmity does not affect how they feel nor does the families opinions have an input into the decision to get married.Juliet goes to a severe level to avoid marrying Paris; Shakespeare also causes Juliet’s actions to create immense grief for her family even though she did not actually die at first. This yet again expresses Juliet’s weakening consideration and love for her family as she put her family through extreme sadness for Romeo not taking into account their reactions or heartbreak and only thinking of her and Romeo’s relationship. The two lovers act very quickly not using much thought or contemplation throughout the play (Romeo taking poison straight after seeing Juliet without thinking of other solutions) â€Å"Arms take your last embrace!And lips, O you the doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss. A dateless bargain to ongoing death! Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide! Thou despite pilot, not at once run back on the dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark! Here’s to my love [drinks] O true apothecary thy drugs are quick†¦ † (Act 5 scene 3 lines 113-18) Demonstrating Shakespeare’s idea of true love as the couple puts their love for one another before everything else in their love.In conclusion the types of love shown in the whole play are not only complex but a deep insight into what lovers may of felt like in Shakespeare’s time. The audience could clearl y recognize the types of love within this play and also pulls people in. Shakespeare’s dramatised use of language is endless in time and can be understood and interoperated clearly, the descriptive use of texts gives a broad and personal level to understanding what is being said. The drama and exaggeration of each conversation makes the tragedy interesting and there is always something attention-grabbing being said or going on. Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet, one of the world’s most popular love stories and for over 400 years spectators and students have enjoyed this story based on passion, true love, hate, sorrow, and most of all, tragedy. Tragedy is defined as a medieval narrative poem or tale typically describing the downfall of a great man or a misfortune. What are the factors responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? Could it be a family feud, a misunderstanding, or true love (fate)? The first factor that is responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet is the family feud.The Capulet’s and the Montague’s would have never allowed Romeo and Juliet to be wed this became the forbidden love. These two families and their ancestors of many centuries past have been feuding over matters that have become irrelevant and forgotten in time. In other words the two families no longer remember the causes of their feuding but this led to the tragic event of Romeo and Juliet. The feud was the cause of Tyba lts death by the hands of Romeo therefore adding more conflict for the two families and making it seem impossible too ever resolve their difference and come to terms with each other for Romeo and Juliet’s sake.Capulet, Juliet’s father, had prearranged his daughter’s future with Paris who would become her husband unaware of her new status†¦ married. The second factor responsible for Romeo and Juliet’s death was â€Å"the big misunderstanding. † The lack of communication between our two lovers was without a doubt the biggest cause of this misfortune. On the day of her wedding to Paris, in order to withdraw from this prearranged marriage; Juliet with the assistance of the local Friar, had a plan that seemed flawless. Juliet was to fake her own death by ingesting a sleeping potion that would last approximately 42 hours.This would end her existence with the Capulet’s so she could gain a new life with the Montague. Romeo, exiled from Verona, was to receive the crucial message of Juliet’s plans and that all was going to be resolved. A breakdown in communication to Romeo caused him to believe his true love had deceased and therefore taking his own life was to be the next step by convincing himself that he could not live without her. â€Å"My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep. The more I give to thee, the more I have, for are infinite. †(2. 2. 139-141). hose are Juliet’s words expressing what it means to truly being in love. The third factor that is responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet is true love. It is a story of two young adolescents that have fallen in love regardless of family feuds, boundaries, restrictions, and the â€Å"forbidden love†. Their passion and love would conquer all obstacles that would come their way as a true test to their commitment to each other. Upon the news of Juliet’s death and funeral, Romeo is left in pain and sorrow and seeks upon himself to terminate the pain by ingesting a poison of death.Juliet awakens only to find her true beside her unresponsive and lifeless. A moment in time that seems endless, Juliet in a state of shock and sorrow reaches for the remaining liquid to end her life. Her plan fails as she is still within the reality of this nightmare and to her demise she reaches for the dagger and solemnly takes her life to be with Romeo; her true love. In conclusion, these factors were without doubt responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet as they followed a sequence of events beginning with two families in a feud from many centuries that would lead conclusively to a forbidden love.Two individuals attempting to be together in love forever yet devastated by misinterpretation and destroyed by love. A tragic story is to have a sorrowful and disastrous conclusion or the downfall of hero(es). Romeo and Juliet were heroes regarding the family feud. As a result of their tragic death, both families recogni zed that the senseless feuding had to end and that it took the loss of true love for this realization. Romeo and Juliet essay: three factors responsible for their death

Management Studies Essay

1. What steps should be taken by an organization that is committee to shattering the glass ceiling? I would use selection plans as a method to shatter the glass ceiling. Selection plans forces a company or organization to conduct a job analysis, establish career ladders and consider alternatives to the traditional ways used in promotion systems. Companies and HR should back away from the use of these traditional methods of assessment in ways consistent with the selection plan. Move away from casual methods such as supervisory recommendations, performance ratings, quick reviews of personnel files, and informal recommendations. Use a more formal, standardized, and job-related assessment method. The organization should pay attention to the types of KSAOs necessary for advancement, and begin training programs to teach these KSAOs to potential employees. Such programs could include: key job and committee assignments, participation in conferences and other networking opportunities, mentoring and coaching programs, and skill acquisition in formal training programs. 2. What guidelines do the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures offer to organizations when it comes to setting cutoff scores? The UGESP advises that cutoff scores be set so as to be reasonable and consistent with normal expectations of acceptable proficiency within the workforce. Applicants should be ranked on the basis of properly validated selection procedures. Applicants scoring below a higher cut-off have little or no chance of being selected for employment. Although the higher cut-off score may be appropriate the degree of adverse impact should also be considered. Companies should ensure their hiring standards are not so high that they create an adverse impact. 3. What are the steps an employer should take to develop and implement its policy regarding employment-at-will? Employment at will involves the right of either the employer or employee to terminate the employment at any time, for any legal reason. To enact a policy of employment at will, a company needs to ensure that job offers are for an indeterminate time period. The job offer should include a statement that the employment will be strictly at will. All written documents, such as employee handbooks and applications must affirm the at will relationship. 4. Discuss some potential problems with downsizing as an organization’s first response to a need to cut labor costs. While downsizing has an immediate impact on decreasing labor costs, too many companies downsize without considering alternatives. There are many problems that can occur based on using downsizing first. Companies initially make job cuts that are too deep. This results in a workforce which is understaffed and unable to function effectively. This affects the other employees who become demoralized, unmotivated, and unproductive. Many organizations that downsize immediately have discovered that they failed to achieve most of the business objectives associated with the downsizing to begin with and they rehire at least some of the staff that they let go. Essay Questions (15 pts each) – No more than 2 pages, double-spaced. 1. For this question you will refer to the Application entitled â€Å"Evaluating Staffing Process Results† found on pages 676-678 in your text. Read the application and answer questions 1&2 ONLY on the bottom of page 677. 1. Determine the yield ratios (offer receivers/applicants, new hires/applicants), time lapse or cycle times (days to offer, days to start), and retention rates associated with each recruitment source. The days to offer measures the average number of days it takes to make job offers to applicants. The days to start measures the average number of days it takes from the beginning of the entire staffing process to the time the new applicant is hired and begins their jobs. From highest to lowest effectiveness are employee referrals, newspaper ads and the employment agency. Employee referrals have the highest rate of return. The recruitment method from highest to lowest is employee referral, employment agency and newspaper ads. Specifically, employee referrals had the smallest days-to-offer and days-to-start figures. In terms of retention methods from highest to lowest are employee referrals, newspaper advertisements, and employment agency. 2. What is the relative effectiveness of the three sources in terms of yield ratios, cycle times, and retention rates differ in their relative effectiveness? Employee referrals were the most effective recruitment method based on yield ratios, time lapse, and retention rates. Current employees fully understand the company, its culture, and the basic job requirements. Due to this situation they are able to recommend people they know who might fit well with the job and the organization. This was the most effective recruitment method. This occurred because current employees did a good job prescreening individuals before they became candidates. The newspaper ads and employment agency did not do as well. These methods normally generate large numbers of applicants without any real screening taking place. You have just signed on as the Manager of Human Resources for a large manufacturing company in the Chicago area. Your company manufactures parts to the automotive industry such as air duct assemblies for various models of new vehicles as well as to the secondary market for these same parts. Upon conducting an audit of HR initiatives and trying to understand the challenges you want to tackle, you find that the overall turnover rate for this company is 37%. You have not worked in this specific industry but you feel at first glance that this number is high. Based on this limited information that you have, lay out a strategy for addressing turnover. You should include the following in your answer: a. a detailed explanation of what other information you must try to uncover to find out if the turnover is an issue that you must tackle b.assuming that you find that turnover is problematic, what strategies you might suggest to the CEO to address the issue, specifically addressing the possible causes of the high turnover in your answer. The 37% turnover rate is a major cause for concern. The turnover is high enough to warrant attention. It would be helpful to have some industry data to make a turnover comparison. Initially I would suggest that the CEO appoint a Senior Manager within HR to look at the backgrounds of the employees who left the in the last year. It would be helpful to know how long they were on the job before they quit and how they were performing in their position. It would extremely valuable to interview the workers who quit to learn more about why they decided to leave. The exit interview data is probably the single most valuable piece of information that can be used to deal with a retention problem. The costs of the turnover are massive. It is disruptive to the organization, it affects the time and resources used to process the departing employees, and require additional time and resources to recruit hire and train new employees. Other costs could include damage to the morale and productivity of other employees and an increased likelihood that some of these workers may quit. I would create a formal exit interview process to find out why workers are leaving the organization. The results of these interviews should be shared with the managers of the departing employees as well as human resources. I would task HR with conducting an annual employee survey to assess the work environment.

Gandhi And The Western Mind Essays - Indian People, Violence, Film

Gandhi And The Western Mind Essays - Indian People, Violence, Film Gandhi And The Western Mind Mary Reynolds November 17, 2000 History 3840 Arthur K. Scott Gandhi, Satyagraha, and the Western Mind There is much that can be said about such a great leader like Gandhi. He had many skills that were needed to make a difference in the world. Perhaps the most important quality that he possessed was the attributes of knowledge and common sense. These attributes made him a very levelheaded man who knew how to treat his opponent with respect while stating the issue at hand. Gandhi achieved many accomplishments throughout his life. Overall, the most significant was that one man could make a difference within his own country that received worldwide recognition. One of the reasons as to why Gandhi was such a success is in order to be a great leader, one must possess a great deal of inner peace. He was very capable of doing so, and in return, the opposing side listened to what this man had to say. The philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi is very different than those of Martin Luther King Jr. or Malcolm X. Gandhi took philosophy to a further level, which allowed people to understand themselves before trying to take on the opposing side. One of the main terms used in Gandhis philosophy is Satyagraha, which is the force of truth and love (Chadha, 112). This term can be applied to many different situations. Satyagraha has many different meanings, which is good because it allows people to interpret it in their own way. Websters dictionary defines Satyagraha as insisting on or the strong and obstinate inclination for (280). Satyagraha can be used in both political as well as domestic situations. The individual must use his or her inner soul to achieve peacefulness, which is brought on by Satyagraha. The term Ahisma is the second principle of Gandhis philosophy, which means nonviolence to all living things (Chadha 113). The term is also associated with truth. Ahisma also means having no intention to kill. This is what gave Gandhi and those who followed him, the ability not to strike back. They were able to look within themselves and find peace. An example of how this philosophy played out can be found in an example story told by Gandhi to help others understand how not to fight back with force. The story said that a man was trying to save a scorpion that kept biting him. When asked why did he keep trying to save the scorpion, the man stated that he was a human being and that it was his nature to save, just as it was the nature of the scorpion to bite (Fischer 77). Gandhi was able to declare that he applied true nonviolence to every part of his life. Domestic, institutional, economic, and political problems could all be dealt with by using Satyagraha. Satyagraha can be looked at as a method for resolving conflict. One of the main points is to try and win the trust of the other side. When this is accomplished, the two opposing sides can talk out their differences and try to put an end to them. Satyagraha also uses the readiness to suffer and not fight back. The citizens of India were successful in doing so. Take for example, the time in which Gandhis followers were repeatedly beaten and abused by authorities. They were able to search within their own souls and find the strength to resist violence. The four main weapons used by the satyagrahai are sympathy, trust, patience, and the willingness to suffer (Fischer 221). The relationship with the opponent can later become one that is full of trust, respect, and cooperation. When this type of relationship is obtained, conflict and tension will be resolved. Western minds may view this process as an unrealistic way of trying to solve a problem. With a true enemy, it is very hard- - almost impossible to even attempt to become friends with such a powerful, domineering opponent such as the British. The idea of using these four weapons seems very hard to actually accomplish. It appears that Gandhi takes great ease in dealing with the enemy. In the end, the enemies are converted to friends, said Gandhi (Prasad, 28). Although this idea seems

Definitions of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)

Definitions of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) The term English as a lingua franca (ELF) refers to the teaching, learning, and use of the English language as a common means of communication  (or contact language) for speakers of different native languages.Although most contemporary  linguists  regard English as a lingua franca (ELF) as a valuable means of international communication and a worthwhile object of study, some have challenged the idea that ELF is a distinct variety of English. Prescriptivists  (generally non-linguists) tend to dismiss ELF as  a kind of foreigner talk  or what has been disparagingly called BSEbad simple English.British linguist Jennifer Jenkins points out that ELF is not a new phenomenon. English, she says, has served as a lingua franca in the past, and continues to do so nowadays, in many of the countries that were colonized by the British from the late sixteenth century on (often known collectively as the Outer Circle following Kachru 1985), such as India and Singapore. . . . What is new a bout ELF, however, is the extent of its reach (English as a Lingua Franca in the International University, 2013).    Examples and Observations As well as being usedoften in a very simple formby tourists, ELF is prominent in international politics and diplomacy, international law, business, the media, and in tertiary education and scientific researchwhich Yamuna Kachru and Larry Smith (2008: 3) call ELFs mathetic functionso it is clearly not a reduced lingua franca in the terms original (Frankish) sense. Yet it usually differs from English as a native language (ENL), the language used by NESs [native English speakers]. Spoken ELF contains a huge amount of linguistic variation and non-standard forms (although formal written ELF tends to resemble ENL to a much greater extent).(Ian Mackenzie,  English as a Lingua Franca: Theorizing and Teaching English. Routledge, 2014)ELF in Local and International SettingsEnglish operates as a lingua franca at a number of different levels, including local, national, regional and international. Apparently paradoxically, the more localised the use of English as a lingua franca, the more varia tion it is likely to display. This can be explained by reference . . . to the identitycommunication continuum. When used in a local setting, ELF will display identity markers. Thus code-switching and the explicit [use] of nativised norms can be expected. When used for international communication, on the other hand, speakers will consciously avoid the use of local and nativised norms and expressions.(Andy Kirkpatrick,  World Englishes: Implications for International Communication and English Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press, 2007) Is ELF a Variety of English?Whether ELF should be called a variety of English at all is an open question, and one which cannot be answered as long as we do not have any good descriptions of it. It is well known that divisions between languages are arbitrary, and therefore those between varieties of a language have to be as well. Once descriptions are available of how speakers from different linguacultural backgrounds use ELF, this will make it possible to consider whether it would make sense to think of English as it is spoken by its non-native speakers as falling into different varieties, just as is the English spoken by its native speakers. . . . It is likely that ELF, like any other natural language, will turn out to vary, and to change over time. It does not make much sense, therefore, to talk about a monolithic variety as such: a variety can be treated as if it were a monolith, but this is a convenient fiction, for the process of variation itself never stops.(Barbara Seidlhofer, English as a Lingua Franca in the Expanding Circle: What It Isnt.  English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles, ed. by  Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni.  Continuum, 2006) Two ApproachesSeeing as the movement to bring forth the conceptualization of English as a lingua franca is gaining momentum worldwide, and more specifically for Europe, it is imperative that an analysis is made of the implications of the two differing approaches . . .. One is the (traditional) idea that English is a lingua franca for a non-native speaker constituency which should pursue knowledge of the language as if it were a foreign language. The other, upheld by those who have bought into the world Englishes paradigm, is to see English as a lingua franca for interlocutors who use it with others in multicultural settings (and thus see English in its diversity as opposed to viewing English as a prescriptive entity defined by idealized inner-circle speakers). It should be made clear, moreover, that my own position here is that a lingua franca must be inclusive as opposed to exclusive. That is to say, it is imperative that our understanding of how English is used in Europe is integra ted with a vision of a communicatively viable use of the language internationally.(Marko Modiano, EIL, Native-Speakerism and the Failure of European ELT.  English as an International Language: Perspectives and Pedagogical Issues, ed. by  Farzad Sharifian. Multilingual Matters, 2009)

Develop a framework to summarize the literature in enterprise Essay

Develop a framework to summarize the literature in enterprise architecture - Essay Example This paper introduces three essential domains of the enterprise architecture framework. The domains are: It is oblivious from this definition that Enterprise architecture is not just a group of the component architectures. The interrelationships amongst these architectures and their shared properties are crucial to the enterprise architecture. According to [1], the business architecture describes the basic organization and necessities of the business based on company plan and objectives. It is made of four building blocks business model, process architecture, information architecture and organizational architecture. The business model provides a high level view on the type of the business in terms of goods and services existing in the market, the business partners, the value chain, market channel is used and the combination of property and data for producing value add. The process architecture categorizes and describes all process of the company and their individual value adds. It is the key construction block of the company architecture. The progression architecture is classified in the key business process client relationship management, product life cycle management, supply chain management and the operation and support processes. The application architecture offers a general idea on all applications behind the process of the business with the structure blocks applications, entry and information organization policy, statistics repositories, and EAI Services. The infrastructure or technology architecture is made up of software, hardware and network communications essential for operations of all applications. Infrastructure building blocks are the foundation services, place of work services, storage and server system, and network. Work place services give for presentation and work with facts and for output back up at the work place. They are composed of mobile and permanent

Questions3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions3 - Assignment Example s a competitive advantage over others in the industry, the managers should carefully keep track of all the actions that have occurred and those which are anticipated too. The marketing calendars therefore come in handy to provide the managers with the opportunity to keep track of what it is expected to be done for the firm to attain a competitive advantage. Indeed, many organizations in the apparel or fashion industry use the marketing calendar to enable them to be able to network all the components existing in the company’s program. For instance, the companies use the marketing calendars to enable them plan their budgets thus helping them to avoid unforeseen expenditures. Moreover, the calendar prevents managers from engaging in â€Å"miss marketing,† prevents marketing lapses, and helps in staffing, planning and buying. The marketing calendar has three key components that should be put into consideration in order to make the company successful. The first component, Environmental Assessment, is the study of both the internal and external environment of the company so as to identify the various opportunities and threats which. Accessing the enables the company to establish the needs of the customers thereby enabling them to make necessary adjustments and improvements to meet these needs. The second component is Strategic Planning which is a continuous process of decision making that is based on methodical assessment of the environment in order to determine the action that the organization ought to do so as to attain a particular set of goals or objectives. In addition, since strategic planning is a blueprint for the company’s decision making, this component enables the staff to meet the various fashion needs of the customers. The last component is Implementation, which aims at clarifying the c ontribution of each department towards meeting the identified needs of customers. This component therefore integrates the marketing elements throughout the organization

Volunteer report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Volunteer report - Essay Example Education is a very strong factor that determines individual and community success. These means that the society needs to be able to educate about life and any other important knowledge that they need to have. But people are not all the same. Some of the American people are less fortunate, and they need the help of other Americans who are willing and can offer help. This goes a long way to helping the needy in the society by being uplifted financially and also helping them to have a good meal. United way also looks at minimizing the level of school dropouts by helping them to solve issues that affect them. Having all this in mind, I took part of my time and volunteered to offer my help to the organization. I dedicated my 5 hours at the organization and during this time, I was able to decorate a Christmas tree which was actually my first time to, I distributed turkeys for Thanksgiving Day that was to be given to the homeless, I helped to fold some T-shirts as well as arranging book fits for boys and girls and this all was to help the kind to enjoy their Christmas in style. The children were so kind and respectful and I they made me enjoy the 5 hours that I spent in the United

Lessons in Pragmatism Essay Example for Free

Lessons in Pragmatism Essay Having been a Para Educator since 1994, serving both Special Education as well as General education children, I have had countless opportunities to observe incredible teachers in action. In fact, one of my most vital responsibilities is to collect observational data on various special education students and their IEP goals. This allows the teacher to generate reports of student progress and to help in modifying goals and objectives as needed. It is unfortunate that the writing of this paper falls during the summer months making it impossible to conduct a formal observation of a specific lesson plan in real time. Therefore, the focus of this presentation shall be a lesson plan which was located in the database of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, an organization dedicated to providing enriching, meaningful mathematics curriculum while ensuring availability for all students. This particular lesson plan is a multi-dimensional lesson, or a better an investigation, written by Laurie St. Julien (2008) and printed in the publication Teaching Children Mathematics. It has been generated toward third graders as a means to â€Å"pose their own mathematical questions from real data† (St. Julien, 2008, pg. 506) Before performing any critique of a lesson plan, it is first helpful to identify the basic philosophies that provide its foundation. In a course structured around empowerment through group dynamics conducted by Brunson and Vogt (1996), the results correlated with the theology that â€Å"an empowering educational philosophy promotes trust, collaborative learning and tolerance for ambiguity†. (Brunson Vogt, 1996, pg. 73) Pragmatism is a philosophy that centers not on the simple passing of knowledge from teacher to student, but around the teacher and student acting as co-learners in the educational process. Stallones, 2011) Pragmatic teachers believe that in order for children to flourish, they must be provided with opportunities to create their own knowledge through experience with the real world in a social context. This Pragmatic theology can be traced back to philosopher John Dewey (1859 – 1952). He saw education as the process of reconstructing knowledge through experiencing the real world; seeing Philosophy as a discipline that required constant change, paradoxically requiring the same reconstruction in education. Neubert, 2009) Following this school of thought, students are guided to generate their own questions, and to use scientific means to come to their own conclusions. This seems to go in tandem with the 7000 Pancakes lesson plan, centered on the theme of the incredible weekend output of the busiest International House of Pancakes in the country. This is quite pragmatic in that it clearly relates to a real world construct familiar to most children, as well as the fact that this particular pancake house just happens to sit next to Disneyland. The students have not been asked to arrive at a singular conclusion, but rather to hypothesize and test their theories, problem solve solutions to and adjust their assertions. This is done in a systematic way over more than one period. (St. Julien, 2008) They are also asked to generate and share their own small group generated questions, This allows for the development of scientific analysis and critical thought, particularly when coupled with the opportunity to scientifically attempt to answer each other’s questions through experience. In addition, Pragmatism favors the merger of various disciplines, in this case the blending of mathematics and science. The lesson plan includes an element that focuses on the eggs that are needed to create various numbers of pancakes in various time increments; however it also questions the properties of the egg and how they change when prepared differently embodying a scientific component to the lesson. This is accompanied by hands on demonstration of all of the aforementioned components, even culminating in a pancake breakfast! St. Julien, 2008) The real world connection in every aspect of this lesson, and the scaffolded guidance required by the teacher to implement it effectively, shows the true pragmatic nature of the lesson and its creator. The strengths of the lesson in question are numerous. The social requirements within the various groups and in the numerous opportunities for open discussion provided a psychosocial aspect to this lesson. These social skills are vital in every aspect of adult life, beyond the practicalities of mathematics. This is support by Siegel (1995) in her assertion that â€Å"learning is a social process in which learners actively construct their understandings†. (Smith, 1995, pg. 407) By using the real world construct of the familiar pancake house, and the visual aids that the lesson facilitates the students in developing a vested interest in investigating the questions that naturally arise through scientific analysis. The hypothesis and analysis process that resulted were well established and right on target for the inquisitive mind of a third grader. Allowing them to tactilely handle the different components of the pancakes allowed them to commit the information to memory in meaningful ways, allowing them to apply this new knowledge to other situations. The scientific component is also a major strength, however I believe yet another discipline could have been added to this lesson; I would also ask them to keep a scientific journal chronicling the experience as well as write a short reflective essay at the end to tie in the language aspect as well. To find any other fault with the lesson plan in question or to better it would prove to be extremely difficult.

Albert Einstein Essay -- biographies biography bio

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879 to Jewish parents. In the year 1880 the Einsteins moved to Munich so that Albert could attend the school there. Albert's father started a factory there in Munich. The most charming story was told about the young Albert Einstein when he was 5. He was late to dinner because he was sitting out in the garden thinking under a tree, when he was brought to his father he noticed a small compass on Hermman Einstein's pocket watch. He was fascinated with the little compass and why it always pointed north. School for Einstein was a trying experience. For young Einstein "school is just like a barrack...and the teachers are like the officers who tell the soldiers what to do. If you don't learn your lessons by heart they scold or beat you. Even if you don't understand what the books say! They are angry when you ask questions-and I like to ask question."(2) Albert Einstein stayed at the school in Munich until he was about 15, then he left Munich to join his family in Milan. There he while hiking and listening to music he decided to be a theoretical physicist. After this decision was made he left Milan to go the the Zurich Polytechnic school in Switzerland. After a year of study he was admitted to the Zurich Polytechnic and completed a degree in physics. "Why should one not admit a man [to the United States]...who dares to oppose every war except the inevitable one with his own wife?" (1932) (1) Albert Einstein viewed the militarism with his homeland as disgusting. At the age of 16 renounced his German citizenship and became a Swiss citizen vowing never to hold German citizenship again. During World War I Einstein was the co-founder of the 'Bund Neues Vaterland'(League of the New Fa... ...." December 20, 1939 (4) "I cannot conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the kind that we experience in ourselves. Neither can I nor would I want to conceive of an individual who survives his physical death; let feeble souls, for fear or absurd egoism, cherish such thoughts." 1930 (1) Bibliography 1. Calaprice, Alice. The Expanded Quotable Einstein. Princeton University Press; Princeton, 2000. 2.Levinger, Elina. Albert Einstein. Simon & Schuster, Inc; New York, New York, 1949. 3. Goldsmith, Mackay, & Woudhuysen. Einstein the First Hundred Years. Pergamon Press; New York, 1980. 4. www.stcloud.msus.edu/~~lesikar/einstein/personal.html 5. Infeld, Leopold. Albert Eistein: His Work and its Influence on Our World. Charles Scribner's Sons; New York, 1950. 6. www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/phys.einstein.

Diabetes Type II

Diabetes is a condition characterized by individuals having elevated levels of blood sugar resulting from the body not producing sufficient insulin or the body cells not effectively responding to the insulin already present in the body (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreases, enables the body cells to take up glucose and oxidizes it into energy (Zieve & Wexler, 2009). Lack of this glucose uptake by the body cells will result to the accumulation of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hyperglycemia (Kilvert & Fox, 2007).Hyperglycemia leads to a number of other serious complications. In type II diabetes also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) results from the body cells becoming resistant to insulin or the insulin that is produced in the body is insufficiency (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). The onset of diabetes type II can be characterized by individuals having general weakness, chronic fatigue, malaise and lethargy. Frequent urination i s not unusual and individuals often complain of excessive thirst.Excessive movements in the bowel and unexplained weight loss have been observed among individuals afflicted by the condition (Mayo Clinic, 2009). The individuals suffering from diabetes type II start having blurred vision caused by the alteration in the shape of the lens due to osmotic factors chiefly the elevated levels of blood glucose. Frequent thirst leads to the affected individual taking a lot of fluids. Diabetes type II is known to be a genetic disease although medical causes have been explained (Kilvert & Fox, 2007).There is an observation of an increased risk of developing diabetes type II in families where the parents have the disorder. A mutation in the gene known as the Amyloid Polypeptide gene lead to the early signs of the condition and makes the progress to a more severe diabetes type II condition possible (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). Apart from genetics, the condition can be caused by an alteration in the met abolism and deranged cell processes. Environmental factors have also been blamed to cause diabetes type II particularly some diets and weight (Zieve & Wexler, 2009).Some drugs have been identified to increase the risk of diabetes type II such as the thiazide diuretics, which inhibit the secretion of insulin because of the hypokalemic condition they cause. Thiazides also increase the insulin resistance due to elevated levels of mobilization of free fatty acids (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Other drug agents that can be blamed for drug induced hyperglycemia include beta blockers, somatropin, protease inhibitors, phenothiazines, flouroquinolones, corticosteroids, antipsychotics and calcium channel blockers. Treatment of Diabetes Type IIThe immediate objective of treating diabetes type II is to reduce the elevated levels of blood glucose while the long-term goal of diabetes treatment is the prevention of diabetes-related conditions, which arise after individuals have developed the complication. Diet and exercise remain the primary ways of managing diabetes (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). The afflicted individuals should be able to accurately test and record their levels of blood glucose. The knowledge on what to eat and what medications to use should be well known by people suffering from the disease. The patients should get important information from their doctors.Individuals with diabetes type II are recommended to eat at the same times every day and their meals should be consistent in terms of the type of foods they choose to eat (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). The adherence of the meal intervals and the type of foods eaten help prevent the increase or decrease in the levels of blood sugars. Individuals can plan their meals by eating the right quantity of foods, choosing healthy foods and eating the meals at the required time. Another aspect is the weight management. It has been observed that some people after cutting weight can stop taking medications even when they still have diabe tes.In extreme overweight individuals, bariatric surgery may be recommended. Gastric bypass surgery and laparoscopic gastric banding are some of the weight reduction procedures that can be recommended in the management of diabetes (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). For diabetics, regular physical exercise is imperative (Mayo Clinic, 2009). It has been observed that aerobic exercise carried out regularly can help reduce the levels of blood sugars without the need of any medication. Exercise help to burn any excess fats and calories and therefore individuals with diabetes can easily manage their weight through exercises.Blood pressure and blood flow, which may be seen as a problem in diabetes type II can be improved (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Exercise decreases the insulin resistance in body cells without necessarily having any body loss. The body’s energy level is also said to improve with exercise and the ability to handle stress as well as lowering of tension are some of the benefits of exe rcise. When all the options of exercise and diet have failed, individuals may opt for medications that are prescribed by physicians. The drugs acting against diabetes function to lower the blood sugar levels in a number of ways (Ligaray & Isley, 2010).Physicians may prescribe for patients more than one type of medication because of the different modes of action of the different agents used in diabetes management. The drugs are also prescribed along with insulin when it is required. The drugs used in diabetes treatment are either given intravenously or orally. For instance, biguanides sold as metformin is used to decrease the hepatic production of glucose (Mayo Clinic, 2009). The rationale of biguanides is to make the fat cells, hepatic cells and the muscle cells to absorb more glucose from the bloodstream hence lowering the total blood sugar levels.Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are also important agents that lower the carbohydrate absorption from the digestive tract. This lowers the glucose levels especially after the meals. Sulfonylureas help in triggering the pancreases to produce more insulin and they are administered by oral route (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). Other agents used in diabetes management include the thiazolidinediones, pramlintide and exenatide and meglitinides. Insulin is only prescribes to patients who fail to respond to other methods of disease management such as diet monitoring, exercise and other medications (Mayo Clinic, 2009).In addition, insulin may be recommended for individuals who have poor reactions towards other medications used. Usually, insulin is injected under the skin by the use of an insulin pen device or a syringe. Insulin is never administered orally as proteolytic enzymes in the stomach may act on the hormone hence affecting the efficacy. In diabetes type II, the body cells fail to respond effectively to insulin even when it is present (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). This is typically seen in type II diabetes mellitus where the resist ance is cause by post-receptor derangements.Post-receptor effect implies that the insulin is sufficiently produced but the cells which should physiologically respond to the molecule have a problem recognizing the insulin (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). There is a general observation that the increased glucose production in the liver particularly in inappropriate times contributes to the inability of the body cells to respond to the ligand, insulin (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). This process, the conversion of glycogen to glucose affects the insulin level, which is important in hepatic function.The reduced insulin-dependent glucose transport especially in muscles and adipose tissues also contributes to the problem of diabetes type II. Similarly, there is an impaired function of beta-cells in the early phase of insulin release following the hyperglycemic stimuli. Diabetes type II is a condition which not only affects the regulation glucose levels but also other important body systems such as the i mmune system, renal function, reproductive system and cardiovascular system are largely affected (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). The immune system is hampered among the individuals suffering from diabetes type II.This can be seen in situations where diabetic individuals take a longer healing from the wounds and minor surgical incisions. The incidences of coronary artery complications as well as the arterial diseases are common among the individuals suffering from diabetes type II (Zieve & Wexler, 2009). Renal failure can be the most disturbing complication of diabetes type II where individuals may require dialysis for blood purification (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Diabetes type II has also been identified to be causing erectile dysfunction which can be a major problem in marriages.In general, diabetes type II is a problem which affects a number of body systems and leaves the affected individual and the family members and friends with a great burden. It is a condition of economic importance and effe ctive approach should be directed to its prevention and treatment. The social aspect of the patients and those close to them is affected. Although medications have been developed to manage the condition, effective treatments have not been developed, which can completely treat the problem. This calls for extensive research to come up with ways to manage diabetes type II.